@Article{KayanoCéAnSoAvZuCa:2022:DoElNi,
               author = "Kayano, Mary Toshie and C{\'e}ron, Wilmar L. and Andreoli, Rita 
                         V. and Souza, Rodrigo A. F. and Avila-Diaz, Alvaro and Zuluaga, 
                         Cristian Felipe and Carvalho, Leila M. V.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidad del Valle} and {} and {Universidade do Estado do 
                         Amazonas (UEA)} and {Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y 
                         Ambientales (UDCA)} and {Universidade Federal de Vi{\c{c}}osa 
                         (UFV)} and {University of California}",
                title = "Does the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Affect the Combined Impact 
                         of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal 
                         Oscillation on the Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature 
                         Variability over South America?",
              journal = "Atmosphere",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "13",
               number = "2",
                pages = "e231",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Climate variability, 
                         Climatology, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, South America, 
                         Teleconnections.",
             abstract = "Previous studies have shown that the Atlantic Multidecadal 
                         Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) have 
                         combined effects on the precipitation (PRP) variability over South 
                         America. The combined impacts have been assessed considering four 
                         mean states as the averages of the variable anomalies during 
                         sub-periods overlapping time intervals of the PDO and AMO phases. 
                         Since these sub-periods include years under El Niño-Southern 
                         Oscillation (ENSO) extremes, the extent to which these years 
                         occurrence affects the averaged anomaly patterns during different 
                         mean states is investigated. The analyses are done for the PRP and 
                         surface air temperature (SAT) during the austral winter (June to 
                         August) and summer (December to February) of the 19012014 period 
                         using a composite technique. The nonlinear ENSO response in each 
                         mean state for a variable corresponds to the sum of the anomaly 
                         composites of the El Niño and La Niña events. In each mean state, 
                         the nonlinear PRP and SAT anomalies are not negligible and show 
                         similar patterns of the corresponding mean state, with larger 
                         magnitudes. For both seasons and all mean states, these 
                         similarities are more pronounced for SAT than for PRP. Thus, the 
                         ENSO variability affects the mean states PRP and SAT anomaly 
                         patterns in different ways. As far as we know, analyses of the 
                         nonlinear ENSO response of the South American climate during 
                         distinct mean states were not performed before. Our results also 
                         indicate that the ENSO variability should be considered in the 
                         studies of the low-frequency modes and their effects on the mean 
                         state over South America. The results presented could be relevant 
                         for climate monitoring and modeling studies.",
                  doi = "10.3390/atmos13020231",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020231",
                 issn = "2073-4433",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "atmosphere-13-00231.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}